Rome, the Eternal City, is a place where history comes alive at every corner, and the past and present coexist in a harmonious blend of culture, art, and life. As you walk through its ancient streets, you’re not just exploring a city—you’re stepping into a living museum that has witnessed the rise and fall of empires, the birth of art movements, and the evolution of Western civilization. Whether you’re a history buff, an art lover, a foodie, or simply a traveler eager to experience the world, Rome has something for you.
But with so much to see and do, planning a trip to Rome can be overwhelming. That’s where this guide comes in. We’ve curated a list of the 21 must-see sights and experiences in Rome, ensuring that you won’t miss a thing. From the iconic Colosseum and the awe-inspiring Vatican Museums to the charming neighborhoods and hidden gems, this guide covers it all. So grab your walking shoes, your sense of adventure, and your appetite for gelato—let’s dive into the wonders of Rome.
1. The Colosseum
The Colosseum is perhaps the most iconic symbol of Rome, and for good reason. This ancient amphitheater, built nearly 2,000 years ago, was the stage for gladiatorial combat, public spectacles, and dramas that captivated Roman citizens. As you stand before this massive structure, it’s impossible not to be awed by its sheer size and the incredible engineering that went into its construction.
When visiting the Colosseum, it’s important to arrive early or book a skip-the-line ticket to avoid the long queues. Once inside, take a moment to imagine the roar of 50,000 spectators as gladiators battled for their lives on the arena floor. Don’t forget to explore the underground chambers where animals were kept and where gladiators prepared for combat. For an even more immersive experience, consider a guided tour that offers insights into the history and significance of this architectural marvel.
Nearby, you’ll find the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill, both of which are integral to understanding ancient Rome. The Forum was the center of political life, while Palatine Hill is steeped in mythology as the birthplace of Rome. Exploring these areas gives you a deeper appreciation of the Colosseum’s place in Roman history.
2. The Vatican Museums
The Vatican Museums house one of the world’s most impressive art collections, making them a must-visit for anyone interested in art and history. As you wander through the vast halls, you’ll encounter works by some of the greatest artists of all time, including Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci. The museums are home to countless treasures, but the highlight for many is the Sistine Chapel, where Michelangelo’s breathtaking frescoes cover the ceiling and the Last Judgment adorns the altar wall.
To make the most of your visit, plan to spend several hours exploring the museums. The Raphael Rooms, with their intricate frescoes, are another must-see, as is the Gallery of Maps, where beautifully detailed maps of Italy cover the walls. To avoid the crowds, try to visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon, and consider booking a guided tour to gain a deeper understanding of the art and history on display.
Finally, remember that the Vatican Museums are part of Vatican City, the smallest independent state in the world. After your visit, take a moment to admire the impressive St. Peter’s Basilica and St. Peter’s Square, both of which are just a short walk away.
3. St. Peter’s Basilica
St. Peter’s Basilica is not only a religious symbol but also an architectural masterpiece that dominates the skyline of Vatican City. The basilica stands on the site where Saint Peter, one of Jesus’ apostles and the first Pope, is believed to be buried. Over the centuries, it has been the site of important events in the history of Christianity, making it one of the holiest places for Catholics around the world.
As you approach St. Peter’s Basilica, you’ll be struck by the grandeur of its façade and the towering dome designed by Michelangelo. Inside, the basilica is equally breathtaking, with intricate mosaics, stunning sculptures, and soaring ceilings. Be sure to take in the beauty of Michelangelo’s Pietà, a poignant sculpture depicting Mary cradling the body of Jesus, and explore the Papal Tombs beneath the basilica, where many Popes are buried.
For an unforgettable experience, climb to the top of St. Peter’s Dome for panoramic views of Vatican City and Rome. The climb is steep, but the views are worth every step. If you’re in Rome on a Sunday, don’t miss the chance to attend a Papal audience or Mass in St. Peter’s Square—it’s a powerful experience that will leave a lasting impression.
4. The Pantheon
The Pantheon is one of Rome’s most well-preserved ancient buildings, and it’s a testament to the engineering prowess of the Romans. Originally built as a temple to all the gods, the Pantheon was later converted into a Christian church, which has helped preserve it over the centuries. The building’s most striking feature is its massive dome, which was the largest in the world for over 1,300 years and is still the world’s largest unreinforced concrete dome.
As you step inside, look up to see the oculus, a large circular opening at the center of the dome that allows natural light to flood the interior. This unique design creates an ever-changing play of light and shadow throughout the day. The Pantheon also houses the tomb of the famous artist Raphael, along with other notable figures from Italian history.
One of the best things about the Pantheon is its central location, making it easy to visit during a day of exploring Rome. After your visit, take a moment to relax in the lively Piazza della Rotonda, where you can enjoy a coffee or gelato while soaking in the vibrant atmosphere of Rome.
5. Trevi Fountain
The Trevi Fountain is not just a fountain—it’s a masterpiece of baroque art and one of the most famous fountains in the world. Built in the 18th century, the fountain features a stunning sculpture of Neptune, the god of the sea, flanked by tritons and horses, all set against a backdrop of a grand palace façade. The sound of rushing water and the sight of the crystal-clear water cascading over the sculptures create a magical atmosphere that has captivated visitors for centuries.
The tradition of tossing a coin into the Trevi Fountain is one that many visitors partake in. Legend has it that if you throw a coin over your left shoulder with your right hand, you will ensure your return to Rome. Whether you believe in the legend or not, it’s a fun and memorable way to leave your mark on the city.
To truly appreciate the beauty of the Trevi Fountain, try to visit early in the morning or late at night when the crowds have thinned out. The fountain is beautifully lit in the evening, making it a romantic spot for a nighttime stroll. After your visit, take a walk to nearby Piazza di Spagna and the Spanish Steps for another iconic Roman experience.
6. Roman Forum
The Roman Forum was the center of political, religious, and social life in ancient Rome, and walking through its ruins today feels like stepping back in time. This sprawling complex of temples, basilicas, and public spaces was the heart of the Roman Empire, where important decisions were made, and monumental events took place.
As you explore the Forum, you’ll come across some of the most significant structures of ancient Rome, including the Temple of Saturn, the Arch of Septimius Severus, and the Curia, where the Roman Senate met. The Via Sacra, the main street of ancient Rome, runs through the Forum and was the route for triumphal processions celebrating military victories.
To fully appreciate the history of the Roman Forum, it’s worth taking a guided tour or using an audio guide. These can help you understand the significance of the various ruins and how they fit into the larger story of Rome. The Forum is also connected to the Palatine Hill, where you can explore the ruins of ancient palaces and enjoy stunning views of the city.
7. Piazza Navona
Piazza Navona is one of Rome’s most beautiful and lively squares, known for its stunning baroque architecture, vibrant atmosphere, and rich history. The square was built on the site of the Stadium of Domitian, an ancient Roman arena, and its elongated shape still reflects its original purpose. Today, Piazza Navona is a popular gathering place for locals and tourists alike, offering a perfect spot to relax and take in the beauty of Rome.
The centerpiece of Piazza Navona is the Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi, or Fountain of the Four Rivers, designed by the famous sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini. The fountain features four river gods representing the major rivers of the four continents known at the time: the Nile, the Danube, the Ganges, and the Rio de la Plata. Surrounding the square, you’ll also find two other beautiful fountains: the Fontana del Moro and the Fontana del Nettuno.
Piazza Navona is also home to the Church of Sant’Agnese in Agone, a stunning example of baroque architecture designed by Francesco Borromini. Inside, you can admire beautiful frescoes and sculptures that add to the square’s artistic charm. After exploring the square, take some time to enjoy a meal or a drink at one of the many outdoor cafes that line the piazza, where you can people-watch and soak in the lively atmosphere.
8. Spanish Steps
The Spanish Steps, or Scalinata di Trinità dei Monti, are a grand staircase that has become one of Rome’s most iconic landmarks. Built in the 18th century to connect the Piazza di Spagna at the bottom with the Trinità dei Monti church at the top, the steps have long been a favorite spot for both locals and visitors to gather, relax, and enjoy the city’s beauty.
The steps are particularly beautiful in the spring when they are adorned with colorful azaleas, creating a vibrant and festive atmosphere. At the foot of the steps, you’ll find the Barcaccia Fountain, a charming baroque fountain designed by Pietro Bernini and his son Gian Lorenzo Bernini. The fountain, which resembles a half-sunken ship, is a tribute to the floods of the Tiber River that used to affect this area of Rome.
Climbing to the top of the Spanish Steps rewards you with a beautiful view of the city, and from here, you can explore the nearby Villa Borghese gardens or visit the Keats-Shelley Memorial House, dedicated to the famous English poets who lived and died in Rome. The Spanish Steps are also a great starting point for exploring Rome’s high-end shopping district along Via Condotti, where you’ll find some of the world’s most prestigious fashion boutiques.
9. Trastevere
Trastevere is one of Rome’s most charming and authentic neighborhoods, offering a glimpse into the city’s vibrant local culture. Located across the Tiber River from the historic center, Trastevere has retained its medieval character with narrow cobblestone streets, ivy-covered buildings, and a lively atmosphere that makes it a favorite among both locals and visitors.
One of the best ways to experience Trastevere is simply to wander through its streets, getting lost in its maze of alleys and discovering hidden gems along the way. The neighborhood is home to some of Rome’s best trattorias, where you can enjoy traditional Roman cuisine in a cozy, unpretentious setting. Be sure to try classic dishes like cacio e pepe, carbonara, and supplì, a Roman-style arancini filled with mozzarella.
In addition to its culinary delights, Trastevere is also known for its vibrant nightlife, with numerous bars, cafes, and live music venues offering entertainment late into the night. During the day, visit the Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere, one of Rome’s oldest churches, known for its stunning mosaics and beautiful interior. Nearby, you’ll find the Gianicolo Hill, where you can enjoy panoramic views of the city and watch the traditional noon cannon firing.
10. Villa Borghese and Galleria Borghese
Villa Borghese is Rome’s largest and most famous park, offering a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of the city. Spanning over 200 acres, the park is a haven of greenery, with beautifully landscaped gardens, tranquil lakes, and shaded pathways perfect for a leisurely stroll. It’s also home to several museums, including the renowned Galleria Borghese, which houses an impressive collection of art.
The Galleria Borghese is a must-visit for art lovers, featuring works by some of the greatest artists of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, including Caravaggio, Bernini, and Raphael. The museum’s collection includes stunning sculptures like Bernini’s Apollo and Daphne, as well as paintings like Caravaggio’s Boy with a Basket of Fruit. The gallery is housed in a beautiful 17th-century villa, and its opulent rooms are as much a part of the experience as the art itself.
After visiting the Galleria Borghese, take some time to explore the rest of the park. Rent a bike or a rowboat to explore the park’s many hidden corners, or simply relax on the grass and enjoy the beauty of your surroundings. Villa Borghese is also home to the Bioparco, Rome’s zoo, and the Pincio Terrace, which offers stunning views of the city, especially at sunset.
11. Campo de’ Fiori
Campo de’ Fiori is one of Rome’s most famous squares, known for its lively atmosphere, historic significance, and vibrant market. The square’s name, which means “Field of Flowers,” dates back to medieval times when the area was an open meadow. Today, Campo de’ Fiori is a bustling marketplace by day and a lively social hub by night.
The market at Campo de’ Fiori is a great place to experience the flavors of Rome. Here, you can find a wide variety of fresh produce, cheeses, meats, and other local delicacies. It’s also a great place to pick up souvenirs, such as olive oil, pasta, and spices, to bring a taste of Italy back home. The market is busiest in the morning, so be sure to visit early to see it at its best.
In the center of the square, you’ll find a statue of the philosopher Giordano Bruno, who was burned at the stake here in 1600 for his controversial ideas. The statue serves as a reminder of Rome’s complex history and the enduring struggle for freedom of thought. In the evening, Campo de’ Fiori comes alive with a different kind of energy, as locals and visitors gather at the square’s many bars and restaurants to enjoy aperitifs and soak in the lively atmosphere.
12. The Catacombs
Rome’s catacombs offer a fascinating and slightly eerie glimpse into the city’s early Christian history. These underground burial sites were used by early Christians to bury their dead and hold religious ceremonies away from the persecution of the Roman authorities. Today, several catacombs are open to the public, offering a unique opportunity to explore this hidden side of Rome.
The Catacombs of San Callisto and the Catacombs of San Sebastiano are among the most famous and are located along the ancient Appian Way. As you descend into the cool, dark tunnels, you’ll see rows of niches where bodies were once placed, as well as ancient frescoes and inscriptions that provide insight into the beliefs and practices of early Christians. Guided tours are available and highly recommended, as they provide valuable context and information about the history and significance of the catacombs.
Visiting the catacombs is a humbling experience, reminding us of the hardships faced by early Christians and the enduring power of faith. After exploring the catacombs, take some time to walk along the Appian Way, one of Rome’s oldest roads, which is lined with ancient tombs and monuments, offering a serene and historic setting for a leisurely stroll.
13. The Capitoline Museums
The Capitoline Museums, located on the Capitoline Hill, are the oldest public museums in the world, dating back to 1471 when Pope Sixtus IV donated a collection of bronze statues to the people of Rome. Today, the museums house an incredible collection of art and artifacts that tell the story of Rome from its ancient beginnings to the Renaissance.
The museums are divided into two main buildings, the Palazzo dei Conservatori and the Palazzo Nuovo, which are connected by an underground gallery. As you explore the museums, you’ll encounter masterpieces like the Capitoline Wolf, a bronze statue of a she-wolf suckling the twins Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome, as well as the Dying Gaul, a poignant marble sculpture of a wounded warrior.
One of the highlights of the Capitoline Museums is the breathtaking view of the Roman Forum from the terrace of the Palazzo dei Conservatori. This view provides a unique perspective on the ruins below, allowing you to appreciate the scale and grandeur of ancient Rome. The Capitoline Museums are a must-visit for anyone interested in the history and art of Rome, offering a deep dive into the city’s rich cultural heritage.
14. The Appian Way
The Appian Way, or Via Appia Antica, is one of Rome’s oldest and most important roads, dating back to 312 BC. This ancient road once connected Rome to the southern regions of Italy, and today it offers a unique opportunity to explore Rome’s history in a peaceful and scenic setting. Walking or biking along the Appian Way is like stepping back in time, as the road is lined with ancient tombs, ruins, and monuments that tell the story of Rome’s past.
One of the most famous sights along the Appian Way is the Tomb of Cecilia Metella, a large and well-preserved mausoleum built for the daughter-in-law of one of Rome’s wealthiest men. Nearby, you’ll find the Villa of the Quintilii, a sprawling estate that was once the residence of two wealthy brothers and later became an imperial palace.
The Appian Way is also home to several of Rome’s catacombs, including the Catacombs of San Callisto and San Sebastiano, which offer a fascinating glimpse into early Christian burial practices. The best way to explore the Appian Way is by renting a bike or taking a guided tour, which will allow you to cover more ground and learn about the history and significance of the various sites along the way.
15. The Palatine Hill
The Palatine Hill is one of the seven hills of Rome and is considered the birthplace of the city. According to legend, Romulus and Remus, the twin founders of Rome, were discovered and cared for by a she-wolf on the Palatine Hill. This hill was also the site of Rome’s earliest settlements and later became the location of the grand palaces of emperors and aristocrats.
As you explore the Palatine Hill, you’ll come across the ruins of several ancient palaces, including the Domus Flavia, the residence of Emperor Domitian, and the House of Augustus, the home of Rome’s first emperor. The hill also offers stunning views of the Roman Forum and the Circus Maximus, giving you a sense of the grandeur and scale of ancient Rome.
The Palatine Hill is also home to the Farnese Gardens, a beautiful Renaissance garden that provides a peaceful escape from the hustle and bustle of the city. The gardens are filled with fragrant orange trees, manicured hedges, and ancient statues, making them a perfect spot to relax and take in the beauty of Rome.
16. The Baths of Caracalla
The Baths of Caracalla are one of the largest and best-preserved ancient bath complexes in Rome, offering a fascinating glimpse into the daily life of ancient Romans. Built in the early 3rd century AD by Emperor Caracalla, the baths could accommodate up to 1,600 people at a time and were not only a place for bathing but also a social and cultural center where people would gather to relax, exercise, and socialize.
The complex includes a series of large rooms, each with a specific function, such as the frigidarium (cold room), tepidarium (warm room), and caldarium (hot room). The baths were also adorned with beautiful mosaics, frescoes, and statues, many of which have been preserved and can still be seen today. The sheer size and grandeur of the Baths of Caracalla are awe-inspiring, and walking through the ruins gives you a sense of the luxury and sophistication of ancient Roman life.
In addition to the bathing facilities, the complex also included libraries, gardens, and a large exercise area, making it a true cultural hub. Today, the Baths of Caracalla are a popular site for visitors, and during the summer months, they serve as a stunning backdrop for opera performances, adding a modern cultural dimension to this ancient site.
17. The Aventine Keyhole
The Aventine Keyhole is one of Rome’s best-kept secrets and offers a unique and magical experience for those who seek it out. Located on the Aventine Hill, one of Rome’s seven hills, the keyhole is part of the door to the headquarters of the Knights of Malta, a sovereign order with a long and storied history. While the building itself is not open to the public, the keyhole offers a special view that has become one of Rome’s most iconic sights.
When you peer through the keyhole, you’ll see a perfectly framed view of St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican, surrounded by the lush greenery of the garden. This unexpected and enchanting perspective has captivated visitors for years, and it’s a testament to the hidden beauty and surprises that Rome has to offer. The view through the keyhole is a perfect example of the layers of history, art, and culture that make Rome such a fascinating city.
The Aventine Hill itself is worth exploring, with its quiet streets, beautiful gardens, and historic churches. Be sure to visit the nearby Orange Garden (Giardino degli Aranci), which offers a stunning panoramic view of the city, as well as the Church of Santa Sabina, one of Rome’s oldest and most important churches.
18. The Jewish Ghetto
Rome’s Jewish Ghetto is one of the city’s most historic and culturally rich neighborhoods, offering a glimpse into the life and history of Rome’s Jewish community, one of the oldest in the world. Established in 1555 by Pope Paul IV, the ghetto was a walled-off area where Jews were forced to live under strict regulations. Despite the hardships, the Jewish community in Rome has thrived and contributed significantly to the city’s culture and cuisine.
Today, the Jewish Ghetto is a vibrant neighborhood filled with historic sites, synagogues, and kosher restaurants offering traditional Roman Jewish dishes. One of the most famous dishes is carciofi alla giudia, a deep-fried artichoke that is crispy on the outside and tender on the inside. This dish, along with other Roman Jewish specialties like supplì and filetti di baccalà (fried cod fillets), can be enjoyed at the many trattorias that line the streets of the ghetto.
The Great Synagogue of Rome, located at the edge of the ghetto, is a stunning building that serves as a center of Jewish life in Rome. The synagogue’s interior is beautifully decorated, and it houses the Jewish Museum of Rome, which offers a fascinating look at the history and traditions of Rome’s Jewish community. Walking through the narrow streets of the Jewish Ghetto, you’ll feel the weight of history and the resilience of a community that has endured and thrived for centuries.
19. The Mouth of Truth
The Mouth of Truth (Bocca della Verità) is one of Rome’s most famous and intriguing landmarks, known for its role in the legend of truth-telling. This large marble mask, located in the portico of the Church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, depicts the face of a man with an open mouth. According to legend, if a person tells a lie while placing their hand in the mouth, the mask will bite off their hand.
The Mouth of Truth has become a popular attraction for visitors, who line up to test their honesty and take a photo with the famous mask. The origin of the mask is uncertain, but it is believed to have been part of an ancient Roman fountain or drain cover. Regardless of its original purpose, the Mouth of Truth has become an iconic symbol of Rome and a must-see for visitors.
After visiting the Mouth of Truth, take some time to explore the Church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, a beautiful medieval church with a rich history. The church’s interior is adorned with ancient mosaics and frescoes, and it houses the relics of St. Valentine, the patron saint of love. Nearby, you can also visit the Circus Maximus, the ancient Roman chariot racing stadium, which offers a glimpse into the entertainment culture of ancient Rome.
20. Piazza del Popolo
Piazza del Popolo is one of Rome’s grandest and most iconic squares, located at the northern gate of the city. The name, which means “People’s Square,” reflects its historical role as a gathering place for both locals and visitors. The square is dominated by a large Egyptian obelisk, known as the Flaminio Obelisk, which was brought to Rome by Emperor Augustus and is one of the city’s oldest monuments.
The square is flanked by two nearly identical churches, Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria in Montesanto, which were designed by the architect Carlo Rainaldi in the 17th century. The churches’ elegant facades and domes add to the harmonious and balanced appearance of the square, making it one of the most photographed spots in Rome.
Piazza del Popolo is also home to the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo, a church that houses works by some of Italy’s greatest artists, including Caravaggio, Raphael, and Bernini. The church’s interior is a treasure trove of art and architecture, with stunning frescoes, sculptures, and altarpieces that showcase the skill and creativity of these Renaissance masters.
From Piazza del Popolo, you can easily access the Pincio Terrace, a beautiful park that offers panoramic views of Rome’s historic center. The terrace is a popular spot for watching the sunset, as the golden light bathes the city in a warm glow, creating a magical atmosphere. Whether you’re interested in art, history, or simply enjoying the beauty of Rome, Piazza del Popolo is a must-visit destination.
21. Piazza Venezia and the Vittoriano
Piazza Venezia is one of Rome’s busiest and most central squares, serving as a crossroads for several major streets and a gateway to some of the city’s most important landmarks. The square is dominated by the imposing Vittoriano, also known as the Altare della Patria (Altar of the Fatherland), a massive white marble monument dedicated to King Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of unified Italy.
The Vittoriano is one of Rome’s most iconic and controversial buildings, with its grand staircases, towering columns, and elaborate sculptures. At the top of the monument, you’ll find the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, a solemn tribute to Italy’s fallen soldiers, guarded by an eternal flame and a military honor guard. Visitors can also take an elevator to the top of the monument, where they can enjoy panoramic views of the city.
Piazza Venezia is also home to several historic buildings, including the Palazzo Venezia, a former papal residence that now houses a museum, and the Palazzo Bonaparte, where Napoleon’s mother once lived. The square’s central location makes it a convenient starting point for exploring nearby attractions such as the Roman Forum, the Capitoline Hill, and the Teatro Marcello.
The Vittoriano, with its grandiose architecture and sweeping views, serves as a symbol of Italy’s national identity and a reminder of the country’s tumultuous history. Whether you’re interested in history, architecture, or simply taking in the views, a visit to Piazza Venezia and the Vittoriano is a must for any trip to Rome.
Conclusion
Rome is a city that offers a wealth of experiences for visitors, from its ancient ruins and historic landmarks to its vibrant neighborhoods and cultural treasures. Each of the 21 places listed in this guide provides a unique window into the city’s rich history, art, and culture, making them must-see destinations for anyone exploring the Eternal City.
As you wander through the streets of Rome, you’ll discover that the city is not just a collection of monuments and museums but a living, breathing entity that continues to evolve while remaining deeply connected to its past. Whether you’re marveling at the grandeur of the Colosseum, getting lost in the alleys of Trastevere, or enjoying the view from the Aventine Hill, Rome will captivate your heart and leave you with memories that will last a lifetime.
So pack your bags, put on your walking shoes, and get ready to explore the many wonders of Rome. The Eternal City is waiting to share its secrets with you, and with this guide in hand, you’re sure to have an unforgettable adventure.